However, the Cancer Genome Atlas Network conducted a genome-scale analysis of 276 samples, analyzing exome sequence, DNA copy number, promoter methylation, mRNA and microRNA expression, and concluded that colon and rectal cancers had similar patterns of genomic alteration, and gene mutations of APC, TP53, SMAD4, PIK3CA and KRAS10. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and rectal cancer.