Notably, several groups of other proteins that have been previously related to drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells in modulating cancer cell survival, invasiveness and immuno-response24–32, were downregulated after DON treatment, including annexin family, 14-3-3 protein family, cofilins, galectins, S100 proteins and a number of heat shock proteins (Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene YWHAQ and cancer.