INS and gestational diabetes: The Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) demonstrated that pregnancies in women diagnosed with GDM using the WHO 1999 criteria and randomized to treatment with education, diet, and, if necessary to achieve goals, insulin resulted in lower rates of serious perinatal complications (1 vs 4%, p = 0.01), macrosomia (10 vs 21%, p < 0.001), and preeclampsia (12 vs 18%, p = 0.02) [48].