CD274 and neoplasm: It has a key role in maintaining an immunosuppressive tumor environment by negatively regulating anti-tumor responses through fostering apoptosis, anergy or exhaustion of PD-1-expressing T cells, and is thus immunopathogenic in many cancers.1,2 Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (αPD-L1) is clinically effective in many cancer models.