TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Pharmacological profiles of sinomenine in treatment of CKD are of multitarget.Sinomenine could activate Nrf2 signaling to prevent hyperactive inflammation and kidney injury [26], meanwhile attenuating renal fibrosis through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress and TGF-β signaling [11] and alleviating high glucose-induced renal glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability [27].