The expression of specific genes (Robo1, Ntn1, Nrp1, Ntng1, Gsk3b, Rac1, Rock2, Clf2, Efnb3) from this pathway were quantitated by qPCR, and five genes (Robo1, Ntn1, Nrp1, Ntng1, Efnb3) were found to be down regulated in NSCs from diabetic pregnancy when compared to the control (Figure 4), suggesting that hyperglycemia deregulates axonal guidance signaling. This evidence concerns the gene EFNB3 and Hyperglycemia.