DUSP1 and inflammation: Although a number of transcription factors have been shown to be linked to MKP-1 expression based on the putative cis-elements demonstrated in the 5′-UTR region of MKP-1 gene (as outlined above and in Fig. 2), the major ones implicated in MKP-1 upregulation in airway inflammation models in vitro are CRE and GRE.