RRM2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: We observed that GA effectively inhibited the expression of RRM2, but did not affect the expression of RRM1. Moreover, GA could induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by downregulating the expression of RRM2. Furthermore, we found that gemcitabine induced the expression of RRM2 in pancreatic cancer cells (as previous data has shown), and this effect was inhibited by GA.