Walder et al. [14] confirmed that SELENOS expression was inhibited by glucose or insulin in a concentration-dependent manner in in vitro cultured C2C12 muscle cells, while the clinical study of Karlsson et al. [67] showed that the SELENOS mRNA expression in skeletal muscle between T2DM patients and healthy individuals was not different; the differences in the aforementioned in vivo and in vitro microenvironments may be one of the important factors resulting in this inconsistency. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.