Real-time PCR results demonstrate that HCFD-induced NASH is associated with increased expression of M1 macrophage activation genes such as TNFα and MCP-1 and decreased expression of the M2 alternative activation gene arginase-1 (Arg-1) [24] in both genders (Fig 2E). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.