Notably, upon the activation with PHA a marked IFN-γ production was detected in cell supernatants from IBD patients (CD: median 1194.8, range 188–3991.2 pg/mL; UC: 2062.4, 89.7–3767.5 pg/mL, p<0.01, CD unstimulated vs CD stimulated; p<0.03, UC unstimulated vs UC stimulated), whilst the IFN-γ level measured in cultures from HC intestinal mucosa (HC: 221.8,65.8–405.1 pg/mL) resulted much lower compared to IBD mucosa (p<0.02, CD vs HC; p<0.04, UC vs HC), Fig 2A. Here, IFNG is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.