Previous work tried to find whether mutations in FOXF1 are also associated with the VATER/VACTERL combination of congenital anomalies that includes vertebral defects, anorectal malformations, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia, renal malformations, and limb defects. Here, FOXF1 is linked to Tracheoesophageal fistula.