Thus, the balance between alternatively-activated “M2” monocyte-macrophages (which have immuno-regulatory and tissue-remodelling roles [68]) and proinflammatory “M1” monocyte-macrophages (which are specialised for pro-inflammatory functions such as antigen presentation and pathogen clearance [68]) regulates the inflammatory tone of a variety of tissues, and hence influences systemic chronic inflammatory parameters such as insulin sensitivity and diabetes-associated cardiovascular risk [67,68]. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.