In this study, the Lm‐LLO‐E7 and Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccines (obtained from Global BioPharma Inc.; Taipei, Taiwan) were used to verify whether a combination of anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine might suppress tumor growth and metastasis more strongly in animal models injected with HPV16 E6‐positive TL‐1 lung cancer cells, when compared to antibody and vaccine therapies alone (i.e., anti‐PD‐L1 mAb, Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine, Lm‐LLO‐E7 vaccine, and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E7 combinations). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.