CD4 and vulvar lichen sclerosus: Studies performed by different groups has promoted a basis for associating antibodies for IFN-γ (interferon gamma), TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta), CD4, CD8, IL-1 (lymphocyte activating factor), p53, and Ki67 with vulvar lichen sclerosus [3, 5, 13, 33, 34].