Similar scenarios of diseases arising due to selective response to pathogens in African populations have been seen in sickle cell disease conferring resistance to malaria[21, 22], and the increased frequency of chronic kidney disease in carriers of Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) variants, which offer enhanced ability to resist trypanosome infections that cause African sleeping sickness[23]. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and human African trypanosomiasis.