For example, the mucin CA125/MUC16 may be associated with EMT in ovarian cancer due to its binding to Ecad and β-catenin complexes, as its downregulation results in epithelial-mesenchymal switch (as evidenced by loss of Ecad and cytokeratin-18 and gain of Ncad and vimentin), re-activation of EGFR signaling and increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and functional activity [124]. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.