Still another way to induce in vitro AD-like features in RHE was found while combining Poly I:C (10 μg/ml), a toll-like receptor 3 ligand mimicking viral double-stranded RNA, with TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IL-4, and IL-13 (50 ng/ml each) at day 14 of epidermis reconstruction and for 48 h (91). Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.