Incubation of either HaCaT cells (49) with IL-4 and IL-13 (10 ng/ml each cytokine) or primary human keratinocytes (20) with IL-4 and IL-13 (50 ng/ml each), two Th2 cytokines overexpressed in AD skin, have been performed to identify their effects on such cells. Here, IL13 is linked to Alzheimer disease.