IFNB1 and viral infectious disease: Regulation of IRF7 transcription is reported to be primarily driven by the type I IFNs37 but IRF7 has also been described to be induced following viral infection, such as Sendai virus, by IFN-β-independent direct viral-stimulated pathways.38 Potentially, SK1 may influence these direct IFN-β-independent pathways, whereby RNA viruses stimulate IRF7.