The confirmation of the pathway used by the L. amazonensis to suppress the immune response (A2B receptor → cAMP → PI3K → ERK1/2) in humans may suggest possible targets for new therapeutic approaches to control L. amazonensis infection specially in the case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis which is, as mentioned earlier, usually refractory to treatment. Here, MAPK3 is linked to diffuse cutaneous Leishmaniasis.