The positive rates of anti-SmD1 in naive and non-naive SLE patients were 68.00% and 56.80%, respectively, which was higher than that for anti-Sm (32.00%, χ2 = 25.92, P = 0.000; 26.04%, χ2 = 32.97, P = 0.000). This evidence concerns the gene SNRPD1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.