SNRPD1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Among various clinical manifestations presented by our patients (Table 3), the presence of anti-SmD1 antibodies was significantly associated with malar rash (χ2 = 8.56, P = 0.003), rash (χ2 = 23.72, P = 0.000), nonscarring alopecia (χ2 = 11.25, P = 0.001), renal disorder (χ2 = 7.90, P = 0.005), proteinuria (χ2 = 5.34, P = 0.021), seizures (χ2 = 13.06, P = 0.000), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (P = 0.014), and hypocomplementemia (χ2 = 8.03, P = 0.005).