When HMGB-1 and OPG were included in the multivariate analysis (model 2), HMGB-1 (adjusted OR 12.32; 95% CI 3.56–23.54, P = 0.023) and OPG (adjusted OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.54–6.15, P = 0.019) are resulted independently associated with PAD in T2D patients and most of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors shown in model 1 remained determinants of PAD even in model 2 (Table 3). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is peripheral arterial disease.