First, although IgE-mediated AR is considered a disease primarily mediated by Th2, allergen-specific Th1 also plays an important role in allergic inflammation [42], especially in chronic allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and chronic allergic asthma; moreover, the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ promotes allergen penetration through the respiratory epithelium and aggravates allergic inflammation [43, 44]. Here, IGHE is linked to atopic eczema.