NQO1 and chronic kidney disease: This study showed for mononuclear cells of CKD patients (i) increased gene expression of the NRF2 target NQO1 in CKD 1–5, (ii) compared to CKD 1–5 a less robust increase in the NQO1 gene expression in CKD 5D, (iii) slightly increased NQO1 protein content in CKD 1–5, and (iv) higher prevalence of CVD among CKD 1–5 patients with a higher NQO1 gene expression.