The main findings of our study are the following: (i) the C allele of rs1982073 is associated with decreased risk of COPD in Caucasians, whereas there is no association between rs1982073 and COPD risk in Asians; (ii) the TGF-β1 polymorphisms rs1800469, rs2241712, rs6957, and rs2241718 are not associated with COPD risk. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.