Therefore, we observed increased expression of several proinflammatory cytokine genes (Tgf-β1, Il6, Tnfα and Il1β in Figs. 2g and 3h) and liver fibrosis marker genes (Col1A1, Col3A1, Timp1 and Pdgfr-β in Figs. 2g and 3h) in the livers of the HFrD-fed A/AHep mice, suggesting that the development of liver fibrosis in our animal model can be a result of necroinflammation. Here, TNF is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.