TNF and coronary artery disorder: HDL3 from both CAD groups exhibited pro-inflammatory effects in TNFα-exposed EC, inducing a 21% (p = 0.0078) increase of secreted CRP levels for SA and 38% (p = 0.0057) for ACS, the 14% increase for ACS versus SA being statistically significant (p = 0.042) (Fig. 5f).