MMP12 and malaria: We assessed the effect of the adjuvanted vaccine on Ag-specific CD8+ T cells and IgG antibody titres in peripheral blood of the vaccinated mice two weeks after the immunisation, i.e. one day before malaria challenge (Fig. 2): production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells following 5 h in vitro stimulation with the potent P. berghei mouse CD8+ T cell epitope Pb9, which is contained within the ME.TRAP insert, varied among the different Ad-ME.TRAP+adjuvant combinations, but was generally comparable to, or lower than, that induced by the Ad-ME.TRAP vaccine alone (Fig. 2a).