ATM and breast cancer: The BC risk estimates for all three of the associated genes were similar to estimates from smaller case–control studies and studies based on family-based designs (in the combined analysis of previous studies reported by Easton et al4: PALB2: meta analysis OR=5.3; 95% CI 3.0 to 9.4 vs table 1 OR=4.69; 95% CI 2.27 to 9.68; ATM: meta analysis OR=2.8; 95% CI 2.2 to 3.7 vs table 1 OR=3.26; 95% CI 1.82 to 6.46; and CHEK2: meta analysis OR=3.0; 95% CI 2.6 to 3.5 vs table 1 OR=3.11; 95% CI 2.15 to 4.69).