In contrast, mice infected with the Bt1-RtxA11-strain developed a typical immune response against an extracellular pathogen: most of the CKS genes were down-regulated in these mice while genes known to have a beneficial role during extracellular bacterial infections (Il6, Tnf or Lcn2) were clearly up-regulated (Shin et al., 2002; Berger et al., 2006; Goo et al., 2007; Chuang et al., 2010). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.