In another study, IL-8/CXCL8 was elevated in CSF of non-fatal CM cases of P. falciparum-infected children (John et al., 2008b), while MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5 levels were comparable to malaria-free controls. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is malaria.