DUOX1 and immunodeficiency disease: The expression levels of stat, encoding a transcription factor in the JAK-STAT pathway27 that activates defense and repair response-genes28, relish (Relish), encoding a key transcription factor of the IMD (immunodeficiency) pathway that responds to gram-negative bacteria26, dual oxidase (duox)27, encoding DUOX that directly damages pathogens by the generation of reactive oxygen, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)29 encoding NOS that generates nitric oxide (NO) in response to septic insult or injury, were not altered (Fig. 6a–d).