IPF GWAS performed in Japanese and European individuals have identified genetic risk loci within TERT, TOLLIP/MUC5B, and SPPL2C [61, 62]; a GWAS of the broader phenotype idiopathic interstitial pneumonia identified an association within the MUC5B promoter that was also associated with IPF [63]. Here, TERT is linked to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.