For instance, a temporary scaffold material may not only provide physical support for tissue regeneration, but may also be loaded with biological factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast, platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (FGF, PDGF, VEGF) and others, to stimulate cell attachment and tissue formation and/or chemotherapy agents, to selectively target cancer cells not removed during surgery, or release desirable molecules and ions during scaffold biodegradation. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.