The precise molecular factors mediating this differential remodeling pattern are not fully understood, but a recent study has suggested that TGF-β1 may play a key role in this process; this study reported that low levels of TGF-β1 were observed in CRSwNP while high levels were observed in CRSsNP [26]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.