GLIPR1 and central nervous system cancer: The overexpression of GLIPR1 has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells [9, 12–14]; however, overexpression of GLIPR1 increased glioma cell proliferation [18–19, 23] and downregulation of GLIPR1 decreased the proliferation of glioma [18, 23] and melanoma [22] cells.