While these data suggest a direct role for NADPH oxidase in obesity-related inflammation, NADPH oxidase also plays important roles in physiologic processes [16],[17], and well-established adverse effects of systemic NOX2 deletion on cognitive function [17] rule out indiscriminate NADPH oxidase inhibition as a viable therapy for obesity. This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.