We investigated effects of UCP2 polymorphisms on risk of neurodegenerative disease (defined as having a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), stroke, transient ischemic attack or multiple sclerosis) and the risk of having a lifetime diagnosis of mental health disorder (defined as current or past episodes of mood disorders or anxiety disorders) in this sample. Here, UCP2 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.