Furthermore, there is a notable shift in IgM levels with increased expression in all cells lacking EBNA3A and EBNA3C, with overall levels exceeding that of the induced control across both infections but with the high-producing 3A3CERT2 population exhibiting similar levels as the high producers of the CD40-L/IL21–treated cells (Fig 12B and S9B Fig). Here, IL21 is linked to infection.