To verify the role of PEDF in HCC metastasis, we stably overexpressed PEDF in SMMC-7721, HCC-LY5 and PLC/PRF/5 cells, and knocked down the endogenous expression of PEDF in Huh7 and MHCC-97L cells using lentiviral infection (Supplementary Figure 1b–d) according to the endogenous expression levels of PEDF in HCC cells (Supplementary Figure 1a). The gene discussed is SERPINF1; the disease is infection.