In addition, RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis demonstrated that PEDF overexpression did not affect the expression of LR (Supplementary Figure 5b and c), but immunofluorescence showed that PEDF overexpression increase the LR staining on the plasma membrane in PEDF-overexpressed SMMC-7721, HCC-LY5 and PLC/RPF/5 cells compared with control group (Figure 5d and Supplementary Figure 5a). Here, HSPG2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.