Two years later, in 1987, the late Harry Keen presented an abstract at the EASD Annual Meeting describing a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in eight people with type 1 diabetes, conducted over 3 weeks, in which no change in fasting glucose, body weight or insulin dose requirement was detected with metformin use, despite a significant improvement in seven-point capillary glucose profile [16]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.