Significantly higher frequency of CD4+/CXCR5+, CD4+/CXCR5+/ICOS+ and CD4+/CXCR5+/PD-1+ TFH cells, and higher serum levels of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-21 were detected in hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy patients compared to the healthy controls (Liu et al. 2014). Here, IL4 is linked to membranous glomerulonephritis.