FOXM1 and breast carcinoma: Finally, further studies demonstrated that FoxM1 induces resistance to all the therapeutics tested in breast cancer (including cisplatin, paclitaxel, and trastuzumab) by several mechanisms: (1) acting on DNA-damage repair pathways, (2) promotion of cell cycle progression, (3) inhibition of cell cycle checkpoints, and (4) apoptosis induction [72].