Because TSLP-TSLPR engagement and signaling have been shown to promote polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype (38) and M2 macrophages regulate the activation of inflammatory M1 macrophages in trypanosome-infected animals (19), we hypothesized that TSLP would be critical for survival during the late stage of infection by limiting excessive inflammatory responses in infected animals (37). The gene discussed is TSLP; the disease is infection.