Interestingly, the protective effect can also be seen in the TLR3- and TLR9-deficient mice against microbial challenge; (Cavassani et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2015) and the pharmacological inhibitors of TLR9 can reduce the mortality of mice in severe sepsis and protect the host from serious complications, such as acute kidney injury (Yasuda et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene TLR9 and acute kidney injury.