CatS is active at a neutral pH, consistent with its extracellular biological activity (Storm van’s Gravesande et al., 2002), and the PgLPS-induced increase in the IL-6 mRNA expression in splenic DCs from wild-type mice was significantly inhibited by Akti, a specific inhibitor Akt kinase, which is consistent with the findings from previous reports showing CatS-activated PAR2 signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human glioblastoma cells (Dutra-Oliveira et al., 2012). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is glioblastoma.