Unlike the models of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis, in which IL-4 is associated with the Th2 response, in the model of infection by L. donovani there are studies showing that IL-4 does not exacerbate the disease and may in fact act in combating the parasite, which is rather paradoxical (Mohrs et al. 1999). Here, IL4 is linked to cutaneous leishmaniasis.