We further verified the role of autophagy-impairment in AMD pathogenesis by transiently transfected ARPE-19 cells with RFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid and analyzed for the presence of yellow bodies, indicating autophagosome and lysosome fusion had not taken place, indicating alterations in autophagy flux. The gene discussed is MAP1LC3A; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.