BAX and retinitis pigmentosa 1: Thus, clusterin which is known to have role in modulating IL-6/STAT3 activation by suppressing Bax in cancer cells [131], enhancing leptin-induced STAT3 activation in hypothalamus [132] and regulating leptin activity in plasma [133], may trigger the IL-6 and leptin pathways to allow survival of photoreceptors in RP via STAT3 activation on Müller cells.