Other mechanisms by which GM promotes obesity are an increase in mucosal gut blood flow enhancing nutrient absorption [33]; inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver and muscle, leading to peripheral fatty acids oxidation and insulin resistance; and modulation of the pattern of conjugated bile acids including their function in lipid absorption [34]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.